Open Office Writer: TV & Broadcasting

What is broadcasting?

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video. In, for example, radio and TV broadcasting means sending information to a large audience. The information, which can be everything from TV shows to music on the radio, is sent in radio waves, through a wire or by satellite. Television sets and modules are there for picking up the signals that's been sent through the air and they make the signals comprehensible for us.

Different types of electronical broadcasting

• The telephone broadcasting was the first type of electronical broadcasting. It was invented in 1881. The first telephone broadcasts were used to listen live opera and theatre performances over the telephone lines. The creator of this is Clément Ader.
• Radio broadcasting was first invented in 1906, but it became popular in 1920. Radio broadcasting distributes audio. The signals are sent from a transmitter through the air as radio waves to an radio antenna and from the antenna to a receiver, a radio. Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, was the one who invented wireless telegraphy (based on air signal) and in December 1901 he was the first one to send radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean.
• Television broadcasting, or telecast, is from 1925. The commercial television is from 1930 though.
• Cable radio (from 1928) and cable television (from 1932) are transmission mediums from programs that are produced at either radio or television stations.
• Direct-broadcast satellite (from around 1974) is a term used for satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception.
• Webcasting of video (from 1993) and audio (from 1994) offers a mix of traditional radio and television station broadcast programming with dedicated internet radio-webcast programming.

Television (TV)

Electromechanical television

The television was initially explored using electromechanical methods to scan, transmit and reproduce an image. Willoughby Smith discovered the photo conductivity of the element selenium in 1873, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow invented the scanning disc in 1884, and John Logie Baird demonstrated of televised moving images in 1926.

Baird was the first one to give a demonstration of a working television system to members of the Royal Institute and a newspaper reporter. This happened in 1926. Only two years later he sent a television signal all the way from London to New York.

Electronic television

The electronic television was demonstrated by Philo Tayler Fansworth in 1927 and the first regular TV transmissions were on 11^th of May in 1928, New York. The same year the first transatlantic transmission was sent with Baird's mechanical methods.
In 1936 one of the bigger transmissions was the Olympic Games in Berlin and after the World War II the TV increased a lot.

Color television

Baird demonstrated the first color transmission on July 3, 1928. Ten years later, on February 4, he made the world's first color broadcast. CBS, Columbia Broadcasting System, started making daily color field tests on June 1, 1941 but since these color systems didn't work with the existing black-and-white television sets and no color television sets were available the viewing of the field tests was restricted to RCA and CBS engineers and some invited press.
NTSC, National Television System Committee, worked in 1950 to 1953 with a color system that would be compatible with the black-and-white television sets. The first NTSC color broadcasts to air was a performance of the opera Carmen on October 31, 1953.